//........Arduino Code.........

#define buzzer 6

void setup()

{

pinMode(12,OUTPUT);//Trigger

pinMode(13,INPUT);//EchoA

pinMode(6,OUTPUT);//Buzzer

}

void loop()

{

long duration, distance;

digitalWrite(12,LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(12,HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(12,LOW);

duration=pulseIn(13,HIGH);

distance=(duration/2)/29.1;

if (distance < 70) // This is where checking the distance you can change the value

{

// When the the distance below 100cm

digitalWrite(6,HIGH);

} else

{

// when greater than 100cm

digitalWrite(6,LOW);

} delay(500);

}

Components Needed:

1. Arduino Board: Arduino Uno or Nano

2. Ultrasonic Sensors: For obstacle detection (e.g., HC-SR04)

3. Vibration Motors: To provide feedback to the user about obstacles (e.g., haptic feedback)

4. Power Supply: Batteries to power the Arduino and sensors

5. Breadboard & Jumper Wires: For prototyping the circuit

6. Speakers/Buzzer: Optional, for audio feedback

7. Shoes: A pair of shoes where all the components will be integrated

8. Resistors, Capacitors: Depending on the specific design

Steps to Create Smart Shoes:

1. Design the System:

   • Define the purpose of the shoe (e.g., detecting obstacles, providing directional guidance).

   • Plan how the sensors will be placed on the shoes.

2. Set Up the Arduino:

   • Install the Arduino IDE on your computer.

   • Connect the Arduino to your computer for programming.

3. Connect the Components:

   • Connect the ultrasonic sensors to the Arduino (trigger and echo pins) to measure distance.

   • Connect vibration motors to the digital pins on the Arduino. One can use a transistor if the motor operates at a higher voltage than the Arduino output.

   • Optionally connect a speaker or buzzer for audio feedback.

4. Write the Arduino Code:

   • Use the Arduino IDE to write a program that reads data from the ultrasonic sensors.

   • Implement logic to trigger the vibration motors when an obstacle is detected within a certain range. For example:

     • If an object is within 30 cm, activate the left motor for left direction, the right motor for the right direction, and both for front.

   • Include delays and thresholds to avoid false readings or constant vibrations.

   • Build the Prototype:

     • Secure the ultrasonic sensors on the front of the shoes to detect obstacles ahead.

     • Place the vibration motors strategically (such as on the sides) to provide directional feedback.

     • Ensure that the wiring is safely insulated and does not interfere with the wearer's movement.

   • Testing and Calibration:

     • Test the shoes in different environments to ensure they respond correctly to obstacles.

     • Make adjustments to the sensor ranges and vibration frequencies as needed.

   • Final Integration:

     • Once tested successfully, integrate all components within the shoe, ensuring comfort and functionality.

     • If desired, create a more permanent circuit board rather than using a breadboard.

   • Documentation:

     • Document the project with schematics, photographs, and descriptions to aid others in replicating it.

   Additional Considerations:

   • User Feedback: Consult with users to refine the design and functionality.

   • Safety Measures: Ensure that all components are securely attached and that the shoes are safe to wear.

   • Expand Functionality: Consider adding features like GPS for navigation or a smartphone interface.